掌握

Chinese

		palm (of hand); in charge of	shake hands; to hold; to grasp
simp. and trad. (掌握)		掌	握

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhǎngwò

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄤˇ ㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng² ak¹ / zoeng² aak¹

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chóng-vok
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chióng-ak / chiáng-ak / chióng-ok / chiáng-ok

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zion² og⁴

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵tsan-oq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎngwò
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˇ ㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎngwò
    • Wade–Giles: chang³-wo⁴
    • Yale: jǎng-wò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaangwoh
    • Palladius: чжанво (čžanvo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ wɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zoeng² ak¹ / zoeng² aak¹
    • Yale: jéung āk / jéung āak
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng² ak⁷ / dzoeng² aak⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: zêng² eg¹ / zêng² ag¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœːŋ³⁵ ɐk̚⁵/, /t͡sœːŋ³⁵ aːk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chóng-vok
    • Hakka Romanization System: zong` vog`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zong³ vog⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡soŋ³¹ vok̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chióng-ak
    • Tâi-lô: tsióng-ak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciofng'ag
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ak̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡siɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ak̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiáng-ak
    • Tâi-lô: tsiáng-ak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciafng'ag
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ak̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ak̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chióng-ok
    • Tâi-lô: tsióng-ok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciofng'og
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiáng-ok
    • Tâi-lô: tsiáng-ok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciafng'og
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɔk̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zion² og⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsióⁿ ok
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sĩõ⁵²⁻³⁵ ok̚²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tsan-oq
    • MiniDict: tsan^去 oh
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsan-oq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sã³³ oʔ⁴⁴/

Verb

掌握

1. to be in control of; to take charge of; to hold

   掌握政權／掌握政权  ―  zhǎngwò zhèngquán  ―  to hold political power

   掌握國家秘密／掌握国家秘密  ―  zhǎngwò guójiā mìmì  ―  to hold state secrets

2. to master; to grasp; to know well

   掌握適度原則／掌握适度原则  ―  zhǎngwò shìdù yuánzé  ―  to grasp the principle of moderation

   掌握專業技能／掌握专业技能  ―  zhǎngwò zhuānyè jìnéng  ―  to master professional skills

Synonyms

• (to be in control of):

• 主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
• 主張／主张 (zhǔzhāng) (archaic)
• 克制 (kèzhì)
• 克治 (kèzhì) (literary)
• 制禦／制御 (zhìyù) (literary)
• 制約／制约 (zhìyuē)
• 君 (jūn) (literary)
• 執掌／执掌 (zhízhǎng)
• 壓制／压制 (yāzhì)
• 局 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 局限 (júxiàn)
• 左右 (zuǒyòu)
• 把
• 抑制 (yìzhì)
• 把持 (bǎchí)
• 把控 (bǎkòng)
• 把攬／把揽 (bǎlǎn)
• 抵制 (dǐzhì)
• 拘束 (jūshù)
• 按 (àn)
• 按捺 (ànnà) (usually in the negative)
• 控 (literary, or in compounds)
• 控制 (kòngzhì)
• 掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
• 提控 (tíkòng) (literary)
• 撥弄／拨弄 (bōnòng)
• 撙節／撙节 (zǔnjié)
• 操控 (cāokòng)
• 操縱／操纵 (cāozòng)
• 擺佈／摆布 (bǎibù)
• 擺治／摆治 (bǎizhì) (regional)
• 支配 (zhīpèi)
• 收斂／收敛 (shōuliǎn)
• 束 (literary, or in compounds)
• 束縛／束缚 (shùfù)
• 柄 (literary, or in compounds)
• 框 (kuàng)
• 禁錮／禁锢 (jìngù) (figurative)
• 積壓／积压 (jīyā) (figurative)
• 節制／节制 (jiézhì)
• 節撙／节撙 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
• 管制 (guǎnzhì)
• 管束 (guǎnshù)
• 約束／约束 (yuēshù)
• 統御／统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
• 統治／统治 (tǒngzhì)
• 羈束／羁束 (jīshù) (literary)
• 裁 (cái) (literary, or in compounds)
• 遏抑 (èyì) (literary)
• 鎮／镇 (zhèn)
• 限 (xiàn)
• 限乏 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 限制 (xiànzhì)
• 駕／驾 (jià)
• 駕馭／驾驭 (jiàyù) (figurative)

 

• (to know well):

• 了解 (liǎojiě)
• 佔有／占有 (zhànyǒu)
• 分曉／分晓 (fēnxiǎo)
• 參悟／参悟 (cānwù)
• 悟 (wù) (literary, or in compounds)
• 懂 (dǒng)
• 懂得 (dǒngde)
• 打生 (Wenzhounese)
• 把握 (bǎwò)
• 明 (ming⁴) (Cantonese)
• 明白
• 明瞭／明了 (míngliǎo)
• 曉得／晓得 (xiǎode)
• 會悟／会悟 (huìwù) (literary)
• 洞悉 (dòngxī)
• 清亮 (mainland China)
• 清楚
• 熟似 (Hokkien)
• 熟悉 (shúxī)
• 熟稔 (shúrěn) (literary)
• 熟識／熟识 (shúshí)
• 理會／理会 (lǐhuì)
• 理解 (lǐjiě)
• 瞭悟／了悟 (liǎowù) (literary)
• 知影 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 知悉 (zhīxī) (literary)
• 知曉／知晓 (zhīxiǎo)
• 知識／知识 (zhīshí) (literary)
• 知道
• 覺／觉
• 覺悟／觉悟 (juéwù)
• 覺醒／觉醒 (juéxǐng)
• 認識／认识
• 諳曉／谙晓 (ānxiǎo) (literary)
• 諳達／谙达 (āndá) (literary)
• 貫通／贯通 (guàntōng)
• 通曉／通晓 (tōngxiǎo)
• 通解 (tōngjiě) (literary)
• 通達／通达 (tōngdá)
• 達／达 (literary, or in compounds)
• 醒悟 (xǐngwù)
• 開悟／开悟 (kāiwù) (literary)
• 領悟／领悟 (lǐngwù)
• 領會／领会 (lǐnghuì)
• 領略／领略 (lǐnglüè)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
掌	握
しょう Grade: S	あく Grade: S
on’yomi

Noun

掌(しょう)握(あく) • (shōaku) 

1. control

Verb

掌(しょう)握(あく)する • (shōaku suru) suru (stem 掌(しょう)握(あく)し (shōaku shi), past 掌(しょう)握(あく)した (shōaku shita))

1. to control

Conjugation

Conjugation of "掌握する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	掌握し	しょうあくし	shōaku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	掌握し	しょうあくし	shōaku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	掌握する	しょうあくする	shōaku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	掌握する	しょうあくする	shōaku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	掌握すれ	しょうあくすれ	shōaku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	掌握せよ¹ 掌握しろ²	しょうあくせよ¹ しょうあくしろ²	shōaku seyo¹ shōaku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	掌握される	しょうあくされる	shōaku sareru
Causative	掌握させる 掌握さす	しょうあくさせる しょうあくさす	shōaku saseru shōaku sasu
Potential	掌握できる	しょうあくできる	shōaku dekiru
Volitional	掌握しよう	しょうあくしよう	shōaku shiyō
Negative	掌握しない	しょうあくしない	shōaku shinai
Negative continuative	掌握せず	しょうあくせず	shōaku sezu
Formal	掌握します	しょうあくします	shōaku shimasu
Perfective	掌握した	しょうあくした	shōaku shita
Conjunctive	掌握して	しょうあくして	shōaku shite
Hypothetical conditional	掌握すれば	しょうあくすれば	shōaku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
掌	握

Noun

掌握 • (jang'ak) (hangeul 장악)

1. Hanja form^? of 장악 (“domination; control”).