Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dóru

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Etymology[edit]

    Some argue that it is a deadjectival noun of *deru-, *drew- (“hard, firm, strong, solid”) with reflexes as Latin dūrus (“hard, rough”), Old English trum (“strong, firm”), Old Armenian տրամ (tram, “firm, solid”), and Ancient Greek δροόν (droón, “strong, mighty”).

    Noun[edit]

    *dóru[1]

    1. tree

    Inflection[edit]

    Athematic, proterokinetic
    singular
    nominative *dóru
    genitive *dréws
    singular dual plural
    nominative *dóru *dórwih₁ *dóruh₂
    vocative *dóru *dórwih₁ *dóruh₂
    accusative *dóru *dórwih₁ *dóruh₂
    genitive *dréws *? *dréwoHom
    ablative *dréws *? *drúmos
    dative *dréwey *? *drúmos
    locative *dréw, *dréwi *? *drúsu
    instrumental *drúh₁ *? *drúmis

    Descendants[edit]

    • Proto-Anatolian: *dṓru[2]
    • Proto-Armenian:
      • >? Old Armenian: տարր (tarr, “element, matter, substance”)[3][4]
    • Proto-Hellenic: *dóru (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dā́ru (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Tocharian: *or[5]
      • Tocharian A: or (“wood”)
      • Tocharian B: or (“wood”, sg.), ārwa (“firewood”, pl.)
    • Proto-Celtic: *daru (-a- from oblique *darw-) (see there for further descendants)

    Derived terms[edit]

    • *dérw-i-s
      • Proto-Anatolian:
        • Luwian: [script needed] (tarwi(iya)-, “wooden beam”)
      • Proto-Armenian:
        • Old Armenian: տորգ (torg, “*wooden framework; weaving, fabric, net”)
          • Armenian: տորգ (torg, “wooden framework”)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dárwiš
    • *derw-ó-m[6][7][8]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dérwa (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Celtic: *derwom (“firm; oak”)[8]
        • Proto-Brythonic:
        • Old Irish: derb (< *derwā) (see there for further descendants)
        • Gaulish: Dervo (toponym)
      • Proto-Germanic: *terwą (“tar”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *dréw-o-m[9]
      • Proto-Germanic: *trewą (“tree”) (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒? Proto-Germanic: *trewwō (see there for further descendants)
    • *dréw-no-m
    • *druh₂ (collective)
      • Proto-Hellenic:
        • Ancient Greek: δρῦς (drûs, “tree, oak”) (see there for further descendants)
    • der-drew-o-
    • *druh₂-ó-m[10][11]
      • Proto-Albanian: *druwa
        • Albanian: dru (“wood, tree”)
    • *dru-kós[12]
      • >? Proto-Germanic: *trugaz (“trough”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *dru-mos[13]
    • *dru-k-tó-m[8]
    • *dr̥w-eh₂ló-s
      • Proto-Anatolian:
    Unsorted formations
    • Proto-Armenian:
      • >? Old Armenian: տոռն (toṙn, “pestle”)

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
    2. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “tāru-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 849
    3. ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “tarr”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 608–609
    4. ^ Viredaz, Rémy (2017) La dissimilation d'aperture vocalique en arménien (loi d'Olsen)‎[2] (in French), Handout of a paper presented at the 11th International Congress on Armenian Linguistics, Yerevan, 2‒5 October, 2017, page 29, citing de Lamberterie
    5. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN
    6. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*drъvo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, pages 122-123: “*deru-o-”
    7. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*terwa/ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 514: “*der-uo/eh₂-”
    8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “*derwo-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 96: “*derw-o-”
    9. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*trewa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 522: “*dréu-o-”
    10. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*drъvo”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, pages 122-123: “*dru(H)-o-”
    11. ^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “*daru-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 91: “*drw-os”
    12. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*truka-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 523: “*dru-kós”
    13. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*truma- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 524: “*dru-mo-”
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